Metaphorical approach to mental verbs in Turkmen Turkish

mental verbs are wanted to be uttered by concretizesing them in order to add power and beauty to the expression. These mental verbs are mostly expressed through metaphors. In Turkmen Turkish, abstract mental verbs have gained a metaphoric phraseology by simile and concretization. While concretizising and similing, elements from Turkish culture were used. Cultural differences between societies have a big role in the differences between the number of words about the mind among languages. In addition, their way and style of perception of the nature and the world is the most important factor that determine this difference. In Turkmen Turkish, we see that the compound verbs that belong to the cognitive meaning area are generally used with the words such as “notion”, “heart”, “mind”, “memory”. The words that have direction and action meaning are often used in the metaphoric usage of the mental verbs in Turkmen Turkish like “to sink”,”to fall down”,”to dive”,”to turn”. We mostly see these metaphors in the metaphoric usage of cognition verbs : THINKING IS SINKING/ THINKING İS DIVING/ THINKING IS RETURNING/ THINKING IS MOVING . Regarding the indicators meeting a sorrow concept in Turkmen Turkish and the other words that they are together in sorrow indicators, we can examine the conceptual metaphor “ sorrow is a physical damage” under seven subtitles: BEING SAD IS GETTING HURT/ BEING SAD IS CRUMBLING/ BEING SAD IS BURNING / BEING SAD IS BEING BROKEN/ BEING SAD IS GETTING NARROW/ BEING SAD IS SQUASHING. It is considered that in mental verbs related happiness, the words “soul” and “heart” are used very often just as in sorrow verbs. As the sky is holy and valuable for Turkmen people, happiness and abundace indicators